GM 24225896 Sensor Assembly, Vehicle Speed

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The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) informs the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) of vehicle speed and controls the Torque Converter Clutch (TCC). For 1992 and earlier models, the VSS is behind the instrument cluster; for 1993 onwards, it's on the transmission's rear extension. For the former, remove the instrument cluster and then the VSS screw. For the latter, raise the vehicle's rear, disconnect the electrical connector, and remove the retaining bolt to extract the sensor. Installation is the reverse, inspecting the O-ring seal and checking transmission fluid levels.

A toothed rotor on the transmission output shaft causes the Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS), which is a permanent magnet generator mounted on the transmission, to produce an AC voltage. The ECM/PCM uses this signal for different engine and transmission control functions as well as driving the speedometer on the instrument panel. Driveability and transmission problems can result from a defective VSS. To check the VSS operation, raise the vehicle and locate the sensor. Check for any looseness or breaks in terminals and wires and repair if necessary. Back probe the two wire terminals of the VSS connector and connect a voltmeter set on AC volts scale. With ignition key ON, engine OFF, rotate one rear tire while monitoring voltmeter. As minimum as 0.5 volts should be produced by the sensor with increasing speed of rotation of transmission output shaft. Turn off ignition key and disconnect electrical connector from sensor. Measure resistance across two terminals using ohmmeter, which should be approximately 1,000 to 3,000 ohms at 68 degrees F.Temperature If test results are incorrect replace VSS.Replacing means raising vehicle, disconnecting electrical connector, removing mounting bolt then drawing VSS from transmission case.Replace sensor O-ring.Then reinstall VSS back following opposite steps used during removal.

The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) is a permanent magnet generator mounted on the transmission. It is triggered by a toothed rotor on the transmission output shaft. As the output shaft rotates, the sensor produces an AC voltage, the frequency of which is proportional to vehicle speed. The PCM uses the sensor input signal for several different engine, transmission and radio control functions. The VSS signal also drives the speedometer on the instrument panel. A defective VSS can cause various driveability and transmission problems. To replace it, raise the vehicle and support it securely on jackstands. Disconnect the electrical connector from the VSS. Remove the mounting bolt and withdraw the VSS from the transmission case. Replace the sensor O-ring and lubricate it with clean transmission fluid. Installation is the reverse of removal.

After raising the vehicle, the electrical connector should be disconnected from the VSS.

Yes, the procedure for checking and replacing the output shaft speed sensor is similar to that of the VSS.

The camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor, depending on the engine type, should be checked for resistance and proper signal output.

The PCM uses the VSS input signal for several different engine, transmission, and radio control functions.

Disconnect the electrical connector and remove the sensor mounting bolt. Place a drain pan underneath the sensor before removing it.

Check the level of the transmission fluid and refill it as necessary.

A scan tool is required to access speed sensor data and trouble codes.

The camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor, depending on the engine type, should be checked for resistance and proper signal output.

When installing the VSS, a new O-ring should be used, even if the old VSS sensor is being reused.

To install the VSS, the removal steps should be reversed and the VSS hold-down bolt (2WD models) or the VSS (4WD models) should be tightened securely.

The camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor, depending on the engine type, should be checked for resistance and proper signal output.

On 2WD models, the VSS hold-down bolt should be removed and the VSS should be taken out from the transmission.

A scan tool is required to access speed sensor data and trouble codes.

The VSS is triggered by a toothed rotor on the transmission output shaft.

Yes, the procedure for checking and replacing the output shaft speed sensor is similar to that of the VSS.

After raising the vehicle, the electrical connector should be disconnected from the VSS.

A scan tool is required to access speed sensor data and trouble codes.

The camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor, depending on the engine type, should be checked for resistance and proper signal output.

When installing the VSS, a new O-ring should be used, even if the old VSS sensor is being reused.

This manual covers models with various electric-shift transfer cases and different combinations of speed sensors.