Buick 17064622 Canister

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The vapor canister, which prevents the release of unburned fuel vapors into the atmosphere, became standard equipment starting in 1970. Periodically, it's important to check the canister connecting lines for kinks or other damage and deterioration. Lines should only be replaced with quality fuel line or special hose marked "EVAP". On 1975-85 models, the filter in the bottom of the carbon canister should be removed and replaced every 24 months or 30,000 miles (48,000 km). However, on 1986-87 models, replacement is not necessary unless the filter becomes visibly clogged.

The evaporation control system is a basic and trouble-free part of the emissions network that reduces hydrocarbon emissions. It is a closed fuel system that redirects wasted fuel back to the gas tank and stores fuel vapors instead of releasing them into the atmosphere. The system requires little maintenance, but if there are issues, it should be inspected. To check the system, disconnect the fuel tank line at the charcoal canister, located behind the left headlight in the engine compartment. Check for liquid fuel in the line, which indicates a problem with the vent controls or gas cap. Apply 15 psi pressure to the fuel vapor line and look for excessive pressure loss. Check for fuel vapor smell in the engine compartment and around the gas tank. Remove the fuel filler cap and check for pressure in the gas tank. If there is a large pressure loss or fuel odor, inspect all lines for leaks or deterioration. To check the purge valve in the canister, start the engine, disconnect the vacuum signal line, and raise the engine speed to 1500 rpm to check for vacuum. If there is no vacuum, check the EGR operation. The purge line to the canister functions with the PCV vacuum source, so if there is no vacuum when the hose is disconnected, check the PCV valve vacuum. The charcoal canister and filter should be replaced at recommended intervals.

This system is designed to trap and store fuel vapors that evaporate from the fuel tank, throttle body, and intake manifold. It consists of a charcoal-filled canister and the lines connecting the canister to the fuel tank, ported vacuum, and intake manifold vacuum. Fuel vapors are transferred from various components to the canister where they are stored when the engine is not operating. When the engine is running, the fuel vapors are purged from the canister by intake air flow and consumed in the normal combustion process. The ECM operates a solenoid valve to control vacuum to the purge valve in the canister. Under certain conditions, the solenoid is turned on to close the valve and block vacuum to the canister purge valve. The solenoid is turned off to allow purge when the engine is warm and meets specific criteria. The control valve prevents purge to the intake manifold under low vacuum conditions. If the solenoid is open or not receiving power, the canister can purge to the intake manifold at all times, causing rough idle or rich operation. Inoperative purge valve, damaged canister, split or cracked hoses, or incorrect hose connections can result in poor idle, stalling, and poor driveability. Evidence of fuel loss or odor can indicate issues such as fuel leaks, damaged canister, inoperative valves, or faulty hoses. Inspecting and repairing or replacing hoses, canister, and components as necessary is recommended. Component replacement instructions for the fuel vapor canister solenoid and canister are provided.

The filter in the bottom of the carbon canister on 1975-85 models should be removed and replaced every 24 months or 30,000 miles (48,000 km).