Before the inspection process can be carried out there is need to; have the piston/connecting rod assemblies cleaned and to have the original
Piston Rings removed from the pistons and replaced by new ones when reassembling the engines. Utilizing the piston ring installation tool, take out the piston rings off the pistons and be keen to ensure that they do not develop nicks or gouges on them. Remove all the carbon deposits on the top of the piston by hand held brass wire brushing or fine emery paper should be used and never used steel wire as it will erode the piston material. Carbon build up on the piston should be wiped out by a piston ring groove cleaner; if this is not available, use a piece of broken old ring; ensure that you do not remove any metal and damage the grooves. When deposits are taken out, the piston/rod assemblies should be cleaned using solvent or solvent and compressed air and should check that oil holes are clear of obstruction. If pistons are not damaged and engine block has not been rebored, new pistons maybe not required, but new piston rings should always be fit during rebuilds. Each piston should be checked for cracks, scoring, scuffing, holes and burned looks as all these are signs of overheating or abnormal combustion and checks should, therefore, be made of the cooling and lubricating arrangements. If bleed had occurred leading to coolant leakage as manifested by corrosion indicated by pitting this must be dealt with to avoid such occurrence in the future. Take the adequate measurement of the side clearance of the piston rings with the help of a feeler gauge measuring each ring groove at different places; this should be proceeded with the selection of an appropriate ring for every groove; too much clearance may necessitate the replacement of the piston. Piston to bore check, with dial bore gauge, bore and piston diameter should be matching and calculate the clearance; if clearance more than limiting number then block rebore and new piston and piston rings must be fitted. This is normally done by twisting the piston and the rod; any amount of free play, which is often easily discernible, suggests that it has worn and this will need rectification, possibly by getting a new a piston-pin and rebore from an automotive machine shop. If pistons require to be separated from connecting rods, then they should be sent to a machine shop for assessment of bend and twist, and should be dismantled only if essential. Last but not least, ensure that connecting rods are free from cracks and other damages; for this, you need to loosen the rod cap, look at the bearing surfaces to see that they are free from c sporadic nicks or scratches and replace the old bearings; later, you should tighten the cap.